Robinson Projection Pros And Cons
- Description
- Projection properties
- Usage
- Variants
- Limitations
- Parameters
- Sources
Description
The Robinson projection is perhaps the most commonly used compromise pseudocylindrical map projection for world maps. National Geographic used the Robinson project for their globe maps for nigh a decade until 1998.
The projection was designed by Arthur H. Robinson in 1963 at the asking of the Rand McNally Company using graphic design rather than mathematical equation development. It was briefly chosen the orthophanic ("right appearing") projection after its introduction. It is available in ArcGIS Pro 1.0 and later and in ArcGIS Desktop 8.0 and later.
Projection properties
The subsections below describe the Robinson projection properties.
Graticule
Robinson is a pseudocylindric projection. The meridians are regularly distributed curves mimicking elliptical arcs. They are concave toward the central meridian and do non intersect the parallels at correct angles. The parallels are unequally distributed straight lines. The equator, both poles, and the central superlative are projected as straight lines. The central height is 0.5072 times the length of the projected equator and pole lines are 0.5322 as long every bit equator. The graticule is symmetric across the equator and the central meridian.
Baloney
The Robinson projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. Information technology generally distorts shapes, areas, distances, directions, and angles. The distortion patterns are similar to common compromise pseudocylindrical projections. Expanse distortion grows with latitude and does non alter with longitude. High breadth areas are exaggerated. Angular baloney is moderate near the center of the map and increases toward the edges. Distortion values are symmetric across the equator and the central meridian.
Usage
The Robinson projection is primarily advisable for full general world maps. National Geographic used information technology for their world maps for about a decade until 1998.
Variants
There are 2 variants available in ArcGIS:
- Robinson uses ciphering algorithm described by J.P. Snyder. Information technology is available in ArcGIS Pro ane.0 and subsequently and in ArcGIS Desktop 8.0 and later.
- Robinson ArcInfo was added later to support the implementation of the project in ArcInfo workstation. It is available in ArcGIS Pro ane.0 and later and in ArcGIS Desktop 9.0 and later.
Limitations
Both variants support spheres only. For an ellipsoid, the Robinson variant uses an authalic radius and the Robinson ArcInfo variant uses the semimajor axis for the radius.
Parameters
Robinson parameters are as follows:
- False Easting
- Imitation Northing
- Central Meridian
Robinson ArcInfo parameters are as follows:
- False Easting
- False Northing
- Central Tiptop
Sources
Robinson, A. (1974). "A new map project: its development and characteristics." In: Kirschbaum, Thousand. One thousand. (eds.), Meine, K.-H. (eds.). International Yearbook of Cartography, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany: Kirschbaum, 145-55.
Snyder, J. P. (1990). "The Robinson projection: A ciphering algorithm." Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 17 (4), p. 301-305.
Snyder, J. P. (1993). Flattening the World. Two M Years of Map Projections. Chicago and London: Academy of Chicago Printing.
Snyder, J. P. and Voxland, P. K. (1989). An Album of Map Projections. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453. Washington, DC: United States Government Press Part.
Robinson Projection Pros And Cons,
Source: https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/map/projections/robinson.htm
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